One
major military event took place on the North American continent prior to the
American Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War took place from
1756-1763. This series of battles would ultimately feed the fires of revolution
against England
by the English colonials. Not only was it a war of conquest but it planted a
psychological seed in the colonialist mindset that proved they were somewhat
capable of the defense of their colonies and they were beginning to be united
politically and militarily.
By
the middle of the eighteenth century the North American continent was somewhat
of a jigsaw puzzle of European colonies and territories. By 1700 a look at the
map of North America suggested that France
held
claim to the lion’s share.[1]
Spain
had laid claim to Florida
in the south and much of the western territories. France occupied
the middle part of
what is now the United
States, as well as the southern parts of
what is now Canada.
Great Britain
had its established thirteen colonies along the eastern seaboard.
The
now established British Colonies were experiencing a steady growth in
population and production and were slowly moving westward into the new
territories forming settlements. Some of the migrating colonists had no qualms
about encroaching on the land claimed by both the French and the Native
American population. Obviously, these movements and invasions were not
appreciated or accepted.
In
and around 1754 small skirmishes broke out between the British settlers and the
French and the Indians, thus aptly naming it the French and Indian War. The
tensions of this conflict ignited a war in Europe that the Europeans referred
to as the Seven Years War.
During
the beginning months and years of the conflict the French and the collaborating
native American Indians held their ground with numerous successful battles. The
first president to be of the United
States initiated his military career during
the onset of this war.
Virginia
dispatched a twenty one year old surveyor named George Washington west to tell
the French on the upper Ohio River that they
were trespassers.[2] Washington’s
youth
became
evident
in some of his military decisions, but the experience was to be beneficial in
the long run when the Revolutionary War would be ignited a decade and a half
later. The young and sometimes considered to be overly ambitious Washington
learned the foundational skills of statesmanship and diplomacy that would prove
vital not only as he led the Colonial militias through the various battles of
the forth coming Revolutionary War, but also as he led the new nation as its
first president. These lessons did not come easy for the young military leader,
but he was very willing to learn from them and mature in his tactical skills.
In
the late 1750s the tables turned and the British armies and colonial militias
began to gain ground against the French and eventually established new
settlements in the acquired territories. In the Treaty of Paris (1763), France
ceded its major North American holdings to Britain. Spain, an ally of France
toward the end of the war, gave Florida to the victors.[3] Though the War had ended
the after effects
would begin to stir a completely different relationship between King George III
who had been crowned in 1760, and the thirteen British Colonies.
[1] Borneman, Walter
R. The French and Indian War: Deciding
the Fate of America
(New York.
Harper Collins, 2007) p.5
[2] Borneman, Walter
R. The French and Indian War: Deciding
the Fate of America
(New York.
Harper Collins, 2007) p.xxii
[3] Norton, Mary
Beth A People & A Nation (New
York, New York.Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2008) p.127